Do you agree that the transmission and distributio

Do you agree? "The transmission and distribution electricity price system has achieved full coverage" is "the task of transmission and distribution electricity price reform has been fully completed"

the transmission and distribution electricity price reform implemented in China is marked by the pilot carried out in Shenzhen in the second half of 2014. The implementation time is long before the issuance of the "Zhongfa No. 9 document", which shows its prominent position as the core and leader of the power system reform. From the pilot to the provincial transmission and distribution electricity price reform to achieve full coverage, and now Three documents, namely, the pricing measures for regional electricity transmission prices (Trial), the pricing measures for transmission prices of cross provincial and cross regional special projects (Trial), and the guiding opinions on the formulation of local electricity and incremental distribution and distribution prices, have been issued at the same time, which has achieved full coverage of the transmission and distribution price system. Each step of reform in this field has affected the sensitive nerves of relevant industry entities and attracted strong attention from various media. Based on the second landing point, this paper shares with readers several points of interest in the above three documents, and expresses different views on the views of the relevant media

recently, the national development and Reform Commission issued a notice on printing and distributing the pricing measures for regional power transmission prices (for Trial Implementation), the pricing measures for transmission prices of cross provincial and cross regional special projects (for Trial Implementation), and the guiding opinions on the formulation of local power and incremental distribution prices on its official website, and published the above three documents in the form of annexes (hereinafter referred to as "two measures and one opinion")

various media also reported a lot on these three documents. The author found that the media reports are diverse in forms and rich in content. Akoma will display its latest innovative composite materials, with different emphasis. Some focus on information dissemination, some focus on policy interpretation, and some are keen on technical analysis. In short, the time-lapse, perspective, and depth have been said all over. The author had to pick up a leak and start with leftover materials to find several points worth paying attention to and share them with the majority of readers. Due to the limited capacity of MS plug on the professional screw out oil pump, there are inevitably inaccuracies and inaccuracies in the text. Welcome to "pat bricks"

industrial and commercial households with low voltage levels can also enjoy lower distribution prices

generally, users with higher voltage levels (this section mainly refers to "industrial and commercial users") have lower transmission and distribution electricity prices (sales electricity prices), and bear lower "transfer fees" (electricity charges) in the case of equal electricity. However, such practices will be broken to a certain extent thereafter

in the "two methods and one opinion", specifically in the "guiding opinions on the distribution price of local electricity and incremental distribution", when carrying out nearby transactions, users only pay the distribution price of the voltage level used, and do not bear the transmission and distribution price of the previous voltage level, which has become an exciting point in the three documents. This means that some power transactions can calculate the "fee" (distribution price) according to the actual amount of distribution resources, which can completely save a large part

I believe everyone has a consistent understanding that if you want to obtain a more favorable household electricity price or transmission and distribution electricity price, you should try to improve your own voltage level. According to the transmission and distribution electricity price of the first regulatory cycle from 2017 to 2019 successively announced by all provinces, it can be found that in addition to distinguishing according to the power consumption nature of "large industry" and "general industry and commerce", the higher the power voltage level, the lower the transmission and distribution electricity price. For example, Taking Hubei Province, where the transmission and distribution electricity price of general industrial and commercial electricity is relatively high, as an example, the transmission and distribution electricity price of users with voltage levels of less than 1 kV, 1-10 kV and 35 kV in this province are 0.4862 yuan/kWh, 0.4662 yuan/kWh and 0.4462 yuan/kWh respectively; Then take Shanghai, where the transmission and distribution price of large industrial power is relatively high, as an example. The transmission and distribution prices of 1-10 kV, 35 kV, 110 kV and 220 kV users in this city are 0.2782 yuan/kWh, 0.2298 yuan/kWh, 0.1874 yuan/kWh and 0.1874 yuan/kWh respectively

the reason why the higher the voltage level of electricity consumption, the lower the transmission and distribution price is is because in the process of traditional electricity generation, transmission, distribution and utilization, the voltage level goes through a process from step-up transmission to gradual step-down distribution. The higher the voltage level that users access, the less step-down links and electrical resources are occupied. On the contrary, it means more step-down links and more electrical resources are occupied; Moreover, the higher the voltage level, the lower the line loss for the whole electricity. Therefore, the higher the voltage level, the lower the electricity price

the introduction of relevant documents has shaken the policy foundation of "the higher the voltage level of electricity, the lower the transmission and distribution price"

in addition to the similar contents in the guiding opinions on the formulation of local electricity and incremental distribution and distribution prices, relevant expressions have also appeared in the notice of the national development and Reform Commission and the National Energy Administration on carrying out the pilot of market-oriented transaction of distributed generation, which was issued earlier than the "two measures and one opinion". For example, the accounting of "fee passing" of market-oriented transaction of distributed generation is based on the national approved transmission and distribution electricity price, The electric assets, voltage level and electrical distance occupied by both parties in the market-oriented transaction of distributed generation should be considered. The "fee passing" standard of distributed generation is determined by the level of access voltage and the range of transmission and power consumption. The notice also stressed that before the "fee passing" is approved, the transmission and distribution price of the highest voltage level involved in the market-oriented transaction of distributed generation will be deducted temporarily according to the provincial power public network transmission and distribution price (including policy cross subsidies) corresponding to the access voltage level of power users

according to the requirements of the above notice, according to the price calibrated in the "2017-2019 Guangdong electricity price table for transmission and distribution in various price areas", a 10 kV general industrial and commercial user located in the Pearl River Delta region, when conducting market-oriented transactions with distributed generators in the same distribution, The "fee" =0.3299 yuan/kWh (the transmission and distribution price of the provincial power public network corresponding to its access voltage level) -0.3049 yuan/kWh (assuming that the transmission and distribution price with the highest voltage level of 110 kV involved in the distributed generation market transaction in which it participates) =0.0250 yuan/kWh. It can be said to be very, very cheap

however, there is no need to be too happy. Because this is not a universal phenomenon

compared with the total amount of market-oriented transactions in the country, the electricity directly traded by distributed generation and renewable energy power generation projects is only a drop in the bucket, and the benefits brought are not decisive. In the author's opinion, the implementation of a special "fee passing" policy for renewable energy and distributed energy in market-oriented transactions is based on the consideration of the specific electricity cost consumed by nearby power distribution services; On the more important hand, by combining the preferential experience of users on transmission and distribution tariffs with the purchase of renewable energy power, we have found another effective way to support the development of distributed energy and renewable energy in addition to direct subsidies. This will certainly help to realize the decline and parity of photovoltaic subsidies as soon as possible - the key is here

of course, the cost of power transmission and distribution cannot only be calculated by accumulating the amount of power resources occupied by all trading parties, because in addition to the functions of power transmission and distribution, electricity also has the functions of ensuring power safety and providing system backup, which cannot be reflected by the power assets, voltage levels and electrical distances occupied by both parties in market-oriented transactions, so it is also necessary to implement certain cost sharing policies

anyway, calculating distribution prices according to the amount of distribution resources consumed is still a progress made in the reform of power marketization. Before the market-oriented reform, power generation enterprises could not directly face customers, and the power enterprises with unified purchase and marketing were the real power sellers. In the eyes of users, electricity is just a "power point" no matter how large it is and how wide it covers. Before the implementation of electricity market-oriented trading, the buyer and the seller only need to pay attention to the amount of electricity flowing through the gateway, and then charge according to the fixed sales price, without paying attention to which power plant the electricity comes from, what lines the electricity passes through in the transmission process, how far the transmission distance, etc. the transmission and distribution cost is only shared equally to each kilowatt hour according to different power consumption properties and voltage levels. The cup flushing experiment is to make thin plates The disc (60) sample of the strip is pressed in the electric quantity between the blank holder and the die. At present, this situation is still widespread in provincial power. With the advancement of reform, power enterprises are increasingly changing to the role of power transmission and distribution providers. The amount of revenue they earn depends on the amount of power transmission and distribution services they provide and whether their transmission and support capabilities are stable. Therefore, the reform will not only give more and more full play to the commodity attributes of electric energy, but also gradually show the commodity attributes of electric facilities (transmission and distribution facilities), prompting traditional electric enterprises to pay more attention to cost management and improve service quality

it is difficult to verify the distribution price of local electricity and incremental distribution.

since the "two methods and one opinion" is a document on transmission and distribution pricing, its focus must be on price formulation and adjustment

the industry is very clear that the core of this round of power system reform is electricity price reform. As a key part of electricity price reform, transmission and distribution electricity price reform is the focus and difficulty of electricity price reform

transmission and distribution pricing is the task of "managing the middle" in the institutional framework of "managing the development of railway equipment processing projects in Long'an district and opening up both ends" stipulated in the new round of power system reform plan. Since it is the "middle", it must be connected to the "two ends", which is also related to the "two ends". Moreover, sometimes there is a vague boundary between the "middle" and the "two ends", which makes the transmission and distribution pricing process more complex

transmission and distribution pricing involves all aspects. It is necessary to consider the interests of market players such as traditional power enterprises, incremental distribution operators, local power enterprises and users, as well as the nature of users' electricity consumption, voltage level and the amount of electricity resources occupied

in addition, transmission and distribution pricing is more closely related to transmission and distribution cost accounting. It is necessary to carry out transmission and distribution cost supervision and review of power enterprises, and the difficulty lies in the verification and reduction of irrelevant and unreasonable expenses related to transmission and distribution. It is reported that since 2015, the national development and Reform Commission has reduced the cost by about 120billion yuan, of which the allowable income of 32 provincial-level electricity has been reduced by about 48billion yuan

what is particularly difficult is that due to the existence of local electricity and the liberalization of incremental distribution business (that is, the area where the boundary between the "middle" and "two ends" is blurred), different investment and operation entities have appeared on the distribution side. Therefore, among the approved provincial electricity transmission and distribution prices, a part should be divided into local electricity and incremental distribution ("distribution" in the "two methods and one opinion"). This part of electricity price (distribution price) that needs to be divided has been stipulated in the "guiding opinions on the formulation of local electricity and incremental distribution price": the provincial price department shall, according to the situation of the province, fully solicit the opinions of relevant enterprises and society, and select the appropriate distribution price pricing method. When determining the distribution price, full consideration should be given to the current electricity prices such as local electricity price, provincial electricity transmission and distribution price, wholesale electricity price and sales electricity price, and the pricing parameters should be reasonably selected in combination with the needs of regional economic development and cross subsidies. The Opinions also stipulates that the distribution price borne by users is the same as that of the previous one